Japan–Western Cultural Differences Ver13 “Western Bonus vs Japanese Bonus – part2” In the previous article (Ver12), I explained the structural differences between Western-style bonuses and Japanese bonuses. Here are several additional points summarized in a simple Q&A format.

Sand casting operations face bottlenecks, downtime, and limited traceability. Based on hands‑on projects in global foundries, this article explains how IoT, real‑time visualization, unified data, and AI can improve productivity—while also clarifying the limits of digital tools.